Policy & Operational Implications

It seems to me that that nature operates more along the lines of decentralized redundant/diverse/networked systems but humans often ( often for purposes of maximum control and exploitation)build highly centralized systems that are poorly networked, lack redundancy, and are highly centralized. This results in brittle systems versus resilient ones. Our electical grid and our food supply are cases in point.  I wonder if it would make sense to include in the P & OI for the Economic Domain something like this :  Where appropriate and feasible strive for decentralized redundant/diverse/networked systems with respect to delivery of basic life support goods and services.

GENI

Hi, Which big boys are these? Last i checked The World Bank had found connecting electrical grids was a so called Third World Investment that actually worked paying back both interest and principal in electrical currency ( front burner ) what was enitially lent out in monetary currency ( back burner ).If you check it out
The United Nations has put together an Executive Summary ( four pages)of a large study detailing all considerations for any condition of nation state to pursue in aid of actualizing connectivity.Have noticed it has been the experience of GENI in communication with Nation State Leaders that these big boys actually rely on the think tanks like GENI to form policy (!).

Sorry, I should have been

Sorry, I should have been more clear - I'm actually talking here about the investor-owned utility's that own the generation. Companies like Mid-American Energy (owned by Warren Buffet) are lobbying hard in US states and federal government to allow them to develop huge centralized windfarms, and in order to do so, they need lot's of new transmission, and they want tax-payers (little guys) to help pay for it.

What we are finding is that the existing grid can handle lot's of new capacity if the wind turbines are owned by little guys, not big guys.

As to world bank investment into 3rd world grid upgrades, I'm certain that they aren't having trouble getting the loans repaid... my question is, who is profitting from the loans? Is the generation publicly-owned, or are big energy companies getting the benefit from those world bank dollars? I admit, I don't know that much about it...

Big Guys,Little Guys

Thankyou for explaining that context.Found it very interesting .
Your point is taken.

Smaller organizations are

Smaller organizations are preferable for many reasons. For instance, they make the relationships between the people involved in the organization more responsive and more responsible. Many small organizations providing the same service allow greater choice for the consumer of the organization's services, there by making the market mechanism more efficient, by increasing competition.

How does this affect sustainability? What correlation can be drawn between sustainablity and system size? I think this is an important issue for the creation of an economic system, but am not sure how to tie it directly to sustainability.

About size

I think that ultimately, perhaps, it is not size but internal variety which matters. You can have huge systems functioning through multiple individual interactions and diverse channels (brains, rainforests) and what seems to matter, at any given context, is that its components do not become too monolithic ( of low variety).

Dick Fischbeck's picture

specialization

Is specialization something like monolithic? Somehow small size became associated with diversity and that's not quite true.

If we are talking about global solutions we are talking big. For example, if half the population thought and acted scientifically we'd probably be alright.

Jane Ginn's picture

Decentralized Systems in the Post 9/11 World

Joshua:

Your suggestion is a good one for inclusion in the P&O I for the Economic Domain. The question in my mind then becomes "How do we operationalize it?"

It seems to me that, in this Post-9/11 World, the economic forces at play are striving towards more-and-more hierarchical structures. For example, as you know, there was a recent uproar in the press regarding the use of the SWIFT accounts by the Bush Administration for tracking international wire transfers of funds to members of the Al Qaeda network. Regardless of one's position on this issue, this exhibitied a conflict between a hierarchical/command-and-control system (the U.S. Executive Branch directing the military/industrial complex) and a networked system (Al Qaeda).

I recognize that you are seeking the application of the network concept to beneficial societal use, rather than the nihilistic abberation we are seeing in the Al Qaeda domain. Nonetheless, I bring up this example for its illustritive value in demonstrating the conceptual battle bewteen these competing models. The historical impetus toward command-and-control structures plays out in both military and civilian contexts.

You mention the food supply and electric grid. The increasing mechanization/corporatization of the means for food production is often hailed as a great success in the debate on world hunger. Indeed, when you look at the efficiency of food production in the developed world versus the developing world, this argument makes a lot of sense. The failure here comes from the distribution side, rather than the production side (not accounting for the negative environmental effects of large-scale production such as soil erosion and depleted water tables).

In a similar vein, the advocates of 'Small is Beautiful' in electricity production argue that the use of small-scale solar and wind units closer to the demand would be more efficient and more resilient when taking into account the long-term implications of continued dependence on petrochemicals as an energy supply. These long-term implications include not only the global warming phenomenon (and all that entails), but also the societal instability that stems from the current unilateralist positions taken by the U.S. in the Middle East. At the same time the (hierarachical) power structure has, until recently, suppressed both overtly, and covertly, most serious efforts to decentralize the power supply sources. This has occurred even though it is most logical to proceed with small-scale electricity production. Apparently, a 'Small is Beautiful' approach is not in alignment with the existing global energy power structure. Here again we see the conflict between a static, rigid hierarchical structure and the more dynamic networked system.

So given these considerations this brings up another even more pressing question in my mind: How do we begin to address issues such as threats to the system in a decentralized redundant/diverse/networked world? These threats stem from both terrorist acts (from below) and from conflicts with the existing global power structures (from above).

Any suggestions anyone?

Jane Ginn

Jane, The more redundant the

Jane,

The more redundant the infrastructure the more effective re possible (and unpredictable)threats...Thats precisely why stability in complex systems is obtained by virtue of their very comlexity. Also why pathologies in ecosystems often relate to advents of dominance by one particular specie. Algea in a lake, cancerous cells in body organs, or dogma in what should be open field of interacting ideas.

I'm with Joshua 100% on this

I'm with Joshua 100% on this - decentralization is the key to sustainability. Ag and energy are great examples - probably the two biggest resource management issues after water, and both are suffering massively from the side-effects of central control.

Good points Jane - you mentioned the up and down sides of the large scale ag thing, but I would like to ad that comodification of ag in the third world (so-called "green revolution") was not about feeding the world, but about taking farmers out of the subsistance mode and bringing them into the cash economy. Same with GMO crops - the technology is not about increasing food supply, but about making seed strains proprietary.

It is, as you say, about distribution - local food systems are far less stressful on the environment as well as less energy intensive - there is really very little need for transport of crops if local food systems and regional diets are established. But then we don't all get to eat McDonalds every day!

In the realm of energy, here in the upper midwest we have done a study of the potential for the existing grid to carry more power from wind. The mega-utilities clain they need to spend a billion dollars on transmission upgrades to accomodate their growing wind farms. The study, on the otherhand, showed that there are injection points all over the distribution system that could accept single or double turbine projects equal to 2000 megawatts and decomission 2 old coal plants for a tiny fraction of the cost. In addition, those farmer owned small projects would keep millions in the local economy. Distributed generation is obviously better, but the big boys hate the idea! Bucky's GENI concept could become a reality, at a relatively low cost, through distributed generation - using a decentralized, internet-type structure.

In my humble opinion, as long a the world continues toward centralization, there can be no sustainability...

Comment viewing options

Select your preferred way to display the comments and click "Save settings" to activate your changes.